Trademarks, copyrights and patents all protect "intellectual property," but they cover very different things. Mixing them up is common — here's a plain guide to which is which.
Copyright: creative works
Copyright protects original creative expression — writing, music, art, software, video and more — once it's fixed in a tangible form. It covers the specific expression, not the underlying idea, and in many places arises automatically on creation.
Trademark: brand identifiers
A trademark protects the things that identify a brand: names, logos, slogans and similar marks that distinguish your goods or services from others. Its purpose is to prevent customer confusion about who's behind a product.
Patent: inventions
A patent protects new, useful inventions or processes, giving the holder exclusive rights for a limited period in exchange for publicly disclosing how it works. Patents generally require formal application and examination.
- Wrote a book or song? Think copyright.
- Created a brand name or logo? Think trademark.
- Invented a new device or method? Think patent.
The bottom line
Copyright covers expression, trademarks cover brand identity, and patents cover inventions. Knowing the difference helps you protect what you create.
General information only, not legal advice. IP rules vary by jurisdiction; consult an IP professional for protection strategy.